Delay epidemic model with spatial distribution

doi:10.1016/j.cnsns.2026.110136

Delay epidemic model with spatial distribution

2026-05-16

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DOI：10.1016/j.cnsns.2026.110136

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Abstract

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• A delay epidemic model with nonlocal spatial transmission kernel is proposed and analyzed. • The basic reproduction number is derived, incorporating delay and spatial effects. • The system is reduced to a single integral equation, enabling proofs of existence, uniqueness, and positivity. • Stability analysis reveals threshold behavior and emergence of oscillatory dynamics beyond. • An analytical expression for minimal wave speed is obtained, supported by numerical simulations of spatial spread.

Keywords:

delay epidemic model

spatial transmission

basic reproduction number

integral equation

wave speed

Delay epidemic model with spatial distribution

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