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Dental pulp mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes alleviate intervertebral disc degeneration by inhibition of macrophage M1 polarization
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DOI：10.1016/j.nantod.2026.103123.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
• We reveal that DPSCs-derived exosomes alleviate intervertebral disc degeneration via regulating macrophage polarization. • DPSCs-Exos suppress macrophage M1 polarization to protect nucleus pulposus cells and extracellular matrix homeostasis. • The MAPK signaling pathway is identified as the key mediator of DPSCs-Exos’ immunomodulatory effects on macrophages. • This work provides a promising cell-free strategy for the clinical treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.
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