Quantitative 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Complex Mixtures: From General Analytical Homo/Heteronuclear Methods to Intrinsically Quantitative HSQC Approaches

Jérémy Marchand

doi:10.1002/cmtd.70131

Design and Optimization of Bioactive Oral Disintegrating Films Containing Apis mellifera Propolis

2026-04-07

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AI

R

Rios-Soberanis, C. R.

M

Moo-Huchin, V. M.

P

Perez-Pacheco, E. *

DOI：10.1002/slct.202505357

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The objective of this study was to develop and optimize orally disintegrating films (ODFs) incorporating an ethanolic extract of Apis mellifera propolis as a natural source of antioxidants. A mixture design was applied to evaluate the combined effect of propolis, essential oil, and polymers on the functional properties of the films. The extract exhibited a high content of phenolic compounds (318.15 +/- 5.76 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (644.82 +/- 6.41 mg QE/g), along with strong antioxidant activity (DPPH 87.43%, ABTS 91.12%). The optimal formulation achieved a significant balance between mechanical properties (tensile strength 6.21 MPa, elongation 15.84%) and antioxidant activity, accomplishing a comprehensive improvement through propolis-polymer interaction. The quadratic models obtained were significant (R-2 > 0.74). These results demonstrate the potential of propolis-containing ODFs as functional polymeric materials for rapid release systems with bioactive properties.

Keywords:

antioxidant activity

Apis mellifera propolis

biodegradable polymeric materials

mechanical properties

oral disintegrating films

phenolic compounds

Design and Optimization of Bioactive Oral Disintegrating Films Containing Apis mellifera Propolis

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