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Design and Performance of Polyurethane Elastomers with High Strength and Low-temperature Compression Resistance
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DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.252752.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The harsh polar environments pose extreme challenges to the low-temperature elasticity and physical-mechanical properties of elastomer used for sealing, transportation, and mobility in scientific expedition equipment. However, traditional rubber materials face a trilemma in balancing a low glass transition temperature (T-g), high compression resistance at low temperatures, and high mechanical properties. In this study, we prepared a series of polyurethane elastomers with T(g )below - 50 degrees C by selecting soft segments with different structural regularities. By investigating the relationship between the molecular structure of PU and their mechanical properties as well as compression resistance at low temperatures, the mechanism of low-temperature compression resilience of PU was elucidated. The results indicated that as the regularity of its soft segments decreased, the crystallization ability of the soft segments in polyurethane weakened, leading to a reduction in tensile strength. Polyurethane with polyester-based soft segments exhibited stronger intermolecular interactions, facilitating the formation of dense hard phase microdomains, thereby enhancing tensile strength. Simultaneously, under low-temperature compression, the PU with irregular soft segments exhibited superior cold compression resistance, due to their lower degree of soft segment crystallization. Among-them-PO3G-PU demonstrated a T-g of - 68.2 degrees C a tensile strength of 44.0 MPa, a compression resistance coefficient of 0.632 at - 40 degrees C and 0.459 at - 55 degrees C all of which surpassed traditional rubber materials. This study provides new insights for the design and preparation of high-strength, low-temperature compression-resistant PU. [GRAPHICS]
Keywords:
Polyurethane elastomer
Microphase separation
Crystallinity
Mechanical property
Low-temperatureresistance
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