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Designing a citrus supply chain network integrating circular economy and green productivity: a Bi-objective MILP approach
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DOI：10.1080/17509653.2026.2650376.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Annually, large amounts of citrus waste are generated across supply chains. This waste yields minimal profit and improper disposal can cause environmental pollution, highlighting the need for improved citrus supply chain design. In recent years, the circular economy has emerged as a preferable alternative to linear models, while green productivity aims to enhance both economic and environmental performance. Accordingly, this study develops a novel bi-objective mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model for a citrus supply chain. The first objective maximizes total profit, and the second maximizes green productivity. Citrus waste is converted into bioethanol, biogas, bio-oil, and biochar in biorefineries using biochemical and thermochemical technologies. The epsilon-constraint method generates Pareto-optimal solutions, which are ranked using the EDAS method. The model is validated through a real case study in Mazandaran province, Iran, and further assessed via sensitivity analyses. Results show that establishing biorefineries under economic and environmental considerations is feasible, achieving zero citrus waste by converting all waste into valuable bio-products. Additionally, green productivity increases by 36% with only a 1.7% reduction in supply chain profit.
Keywords:
Citrus supply chain
mixed-integer linear programming
circular economy
green productivity
biorefinery
Journal
IF:
2.6
Papers:
237
Citations:
739
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Cited Papers