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Desulfurivibrio nitratireducens sp. nov. and Desulfurivibrio modestus sp. nov., two novel alkaliphilic anaerobes isolated from terrestrial mud volcanoes
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DOI：10.1016/j.syapm.2026.126693.png)
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Abstract
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Anaerobic enrichments with 4-aminobenzoic acid and nitrate yielded two novel representatives of genus Desulfurivibrio. Strain C05AmBT was isolated from terrestrial mud volcano Gnilaya Gora (Taman Peninsula, Russia), and strain D14AmBT from terrestrial mud volcano Bakhar satellite (Azerbaijan). Both strains were mesophilic and alkaliphilic (pH optimum 9.0–9.5). The isolates were strict anaerobes with respiratory metabolism, utilizing organic substrates or molecular hydrogen as electron donors with sulfur compounds as electron acceptors. Strain C05AmBT utilized additionally elemental sulfur and sulfide as electron donors with nitrate as electron acceptor, while strain D14AmBT was incapable of nitrate reduction. Both strains can also disproportionate sulfur compounds including elemental sulfur, sulfite and thiosulfate. Major cellular fatty acids were C16:0, C16:1ω6c (the dominant fatty acid in strain C05AmBT), C18:0 and C18:1 ω9c (the dominant fatty acid in strain D14AmBT). The genomes had a size of 2.7–3.0 Mb for strains C05AmBT and D14AmBT respectively. Genome analysis allowed to identify the main pathways encoding carbon and energy metabolism. According to both phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and conserved protein sequences, as well as genome-based comparisons, each strain forms separate species-level lineage within Desulfurivibrio genus of Desulfurivibrionaceae family (phylum Desulfobacterota). Here we propose two novel species Desulfurivibrio nitratireducens sp. nov. with type strain C05AmBT (=CGMCC 1.18106T = VKM B-3838T = KCTC 25857T = UQM 41817T) and Desulfurivibrio modestus sp. nov. with type strain D14AmBT (=CGMCC 1.18059T = VKM B-3769T = UQM 41803T). These are the first sulfur-disproportionating microorganisms isolated from terrestrial mud volcanoes.
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