Detecting water contaminants using an electrochemical sensor based on improved Transformer Encoder with Genetic Algorithm

Rizqy Ahsana Putri

doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.110111

Detecting water contaminants using an electrochemical sensor based on improved Transformer Encoder with Genetic Algorithm

2026-04-23

0

PRE

AI

R

Rizqy Ahsana Putri

R

Riyanarto Sarno *

W

Wahyu Prasetyo Utomo

F

Fadlilatul Taufany *

D

Dwi Sunaryono

S

Shoffi Izza Sabilla

S

Sang‐Seok Lee

K

Kelly Rossa Sungkono

T

Taufiq Choirul Amri

R

Ruri Agung Wahyuono

R

Rini Handayani

M

Mohamad Almas Prakasa

DOI：10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.110111

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Abstract

En 中文

• Proposed improved Transformer Encoder with GA for water contaminant detection. • Employed TOPSIS to validate optimal balance of accuracy and execution time. • TE-GA achieved 99.17% accuracy in only 965.78 s. • TE-GA optimization reduced computation time by up to 57% compared to other high-accuracy methods. • Comprehensive comparison of six hyperparameter optimization techniques performed.

Keywords:

Transformer Encoder

Genetic Algorithm

Water Contaminant Detection

Hyperparameter Optimization

TOPSIS

Detecting water contaminants using an electrochemical sensor based on improved Transformer Encoder with Genetic Algorithm

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