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Detection of prohibited drugs in blood samples using spray mass spectrometry on plasma-treated paper
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DOI：10.1007/s00216-026-06725-6.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
This paper proposes a plasma modification-trichlorosilane impregnation composite process for fabricating paper microfluidic channels, which is applied to paper spray mass spectrometry detection of prohibited drugs in serum samples from health supplement addition. Plasma modification plays a dual core role: precisely constructing hydrophilic microchannels on silane-impregnated filter paper and stripping surface residual impurities and ash to optimize physicochemical properties. The plasma-modified microchannel paper spray ionization system (PM-PSI) significantly reduces sample loss during migration versus conventional paper spray ionization (PSI), thus enhancing the detection signal of target analytes in blood samples. Combined with filter paper’s matrix effect mitigation and plasma-induced surface optimization, PM-PSI exhibits better detection efficiency than traditional electrospray ionization (ESI) for direct blood sample analysis. Performance validation with venlafaxine showed that PM-PSI increased the signal intensity by 3–5 times and reduced the relative standard deviation (RSD) by 5–6 times compared with PSI at 50–500 ng/mL, and the signal intensity was 10–30 times higher than that of ESI. Quantitative analysis of four typical prohibited drugs (venlafaxine, reserpine, risperidone, sildenafil) revealed their linear range of 1–1000 ng/mL with a significantly improved coefficient of determination (R2) versus PSI. Moreover, PM-PSI coupled with a domestic miniaturized mass spectrometer successfully detected the parent ions of the four drugs at 300 ng/mL, confirming its suitability for complex sample analysis of miniaturized mass spectrometers and providing a technical solution for rapid on-site testing. A plasma modification-trichlorosilane impregnation process fabricates paper microfluidic channels for paper spray mass spectrometry detection of prohibited drugs in blood. Plasma modification constructs hydrophilic microchannels on silane-impregnated filter paper while removing surface impurities. The plasma-treated paper spray ionization system (PT-PSI) reduces sample loss versus conventional PSI, enhancing detection signals. PT-PSI outperforms electrospray ionization (ESI) for direct blood analysis, increasing signal intensity 3–5-fold versus PSI and 10–30-fold versus ESI, while reducing relative standard deviation 5–6-fold. Quantitative analysis of four drugs (venlafaxine, reserpine, risperidone, sildenafil) showed a linear range of 1–1000 ng/mL with improved R2.
Keywords:
Plasma modification
Paper microfluidic
Paper spray
Mass spectrometry
Prohibited substance testing
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