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Determining time- and region- specific electricity carbon emission factors with dynamic spatial zoning
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DOI：10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.149165.png)
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Abstract
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Constructing a high-resolution electricity carbon emission factor (ECEF) accounting model is the foundation for the low-carbon transition of new-type power systems. Existing research on zoning methods for carbon emission factor accounting remains insufficient, and green Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) face the risk of distorted green electricity rights accounting when transmission channels are congested. To address this issue, this paper proposes a Time- and Region- Specific ECEF accounting model that decouples the physical base-map from the market floating-layer. First, based on multidimensional features such as grid impedance and generation-load characteristics, spatial spectral clustering is performed to reconstruct the physical responsibility base-map, thereby forming Carbon Isomorphic Zones (CIZs). Second, by incorporating PPA data, the market contract floating-layer is constructed to delineate Virtual Trading Synergy Zones (VTSZs). Furthermore, a dynamic reachability verification model based on modeled AC power-flow results is introduced to adjust contracted green-electricity attributes under channel-congestion conditions, and the deficit load is returned to its corresponding base-map region for accounting. The case study analysis demonstrates that the proposed model successfully aggregates nodes with high carbon similarity into the same zone and quantifies the spatial reachability range of green electricity environmental attributes. This provides a novel approach for refined electricity-carbon synergy and a more balanced allocation of carbon responsibilities.
Keywords:
Electricity carbon factor
Spatiotemporal zoning accounting
Multi-dimensional spectral clustering
Congestion validation
Spatial decoupling model
Journal
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10
Papers:
4.6W
Citations:
36.8W
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