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Development and feasibility of the AO spinal metastasis staging (SMS) referral tool: An international multidisciplinary expert panel and survey study
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DOI：10.1016/j.ejca.2026.116953.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
• Fragmented care and no staging tools for non-spine clinicians drive delayed referrals. • SMS stages: asymptomatic, inflammatory pain, instability, neurological deficits. • Locally adaptable pocket map links SMS stages to a referral algorithm by urgency. • 91% of non-spine clinicians expect improved referrals; 88% would use the tool. • SMS is consensus-based and provisional; prospective outcome evaluation is needed.
Keywords:
SMS
Spinal Metastasis Staging
SINS
Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score
ASIA
American Spinal Injury Association
NOMS
Neurologic, oncologic, mechanical and systemic framework
Spinal metastases
Staging
Referral
Expert consensus
International survey
Oncological emergencies
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