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Development of a Surface Pretreated-ZnO Nanoparticle Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Sensitive Electrochemical Trans-ferulic Acid Detection with Validation in a Pharmaceutical Tablet Sample
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DOI：10.1007/s11244-026-02325-x.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Trans-ferulic acid (E-isomer) (FA), a vital phenolic compound widely used in food, pharmaceutical and biological matrices, demands a highly selective and sensitive method for quality control and biomedical applications. The present work demonstrates the successful development of ZnO Nanoparticles-modified carbon paste electrode (ZnO NPs/CPE) and surface-pretreated ZnO NPs/CPE for the detection of FA. Fabricated by green routes using the combustion method. XRD and SEM are used to analyse the morphological and structural properties of ZnO NP, which revealed a crystalline hexagonal structure with uniform morphology. The FA’s electrochemical behaviour was examined using CV and DPV. Pretreated ZnO NPs/CPE results show improved oxidation peak currents compared to ZnO/CPE, faster electron transfer rates (α = 0.545, ks=4.85 s⁻¹), adsorption-controlled reaction kinetics, sensitivity (4.087 µAµM−1cm−²), linear range (1–10 µM), and low detection limit (0.006µM). The sensor exhibits outstanding reproducibility (1.3%), repeatability (0.2%), and stability (97% retention after 30 days). The sensor’s practical application was validated for the real sample analysis of pharmaceutical tablets utilising the standard addition technique with recovery within the range of 97.0% to 101.3%. The electrochemical response of the pretreated ZnO NPs/CPE can be explained by the increase in active sites, conductivity, and adsorption properties. Pretreatment of MCPE is a simple, economic, and eco- friendly method for determining ferulic acid in pharmaceutical and food products.
Keywords:
Catalyst
Carbon
Voltammetry
Sensors
ZnO
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3
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