Dietary emulsifiers and host inflammation synergistically drive genomic evolution of Crohn’s disease-associated Escherichia coli toward enhanced pathogenicity

2026-07-08

Caroline Chevarin *

Lucas Martin

Emma Bruder

Jérémy Denizot

Olivier Tenaillon

Olivier Espéli

Aurélien Birer

Nicolas Barnich

Emilie Viennois

Benoit Chassaing

DOI：10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjag088

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The rising incidence of Crohn’s disease (CD) in Westernized countries has been linked to changes in diet and increased consumption of food additives, yet the mechanisms by which these factors fuel intestinal inflammation remain unclear. Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC), a pathobiont involved in CD pathogenesis, lacks a clear genetic hallmark but exhibits intestinal colonization and virulence traits, raising questions about the evolutionary forces promoting its emergence among select individuals. Here, we investigated how chronic exposure to two common dietary emulsifiers, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and polysorbate 80 (P80), along with host inflammation, drives AIEC genomic evolution and pathogenic potential.

Dietary emulsifiers and host inflammation synergistically drive genomic evolution of Crohn’s disease-associated Escherichia coli toward enhanced pathogenicity

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