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Dietary patterns at age 2 and cognitive performance at ages 6–7: an analysis of the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort (Brazil)
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DOI：10.1017/S000711452610628X.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The early years of life are crucial for developing cognitive abilities; such as intelligence. This period is marked by rapid brain development; in which nutrition is essential. This study aimed to characterise dietary patterns at age 2 and investigate their association with cognitive performance at ages 6–7. The study used data from the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort; Brazil (n 4275). Dietary intake was assessed using a habitual consumption questionnaire; and patterns were derived using principal component analysis. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (4th edition); providing intelligence quotient (IQ) scores. Associations were tested using linear regression models. The unhealthy dietary pattern (characterised by packaged snacks; instant noodles; sweet biscuits; sweets and candies; soft drinks; sausages and processed meats) was negatively associated with IQ (P < 0·001). Exploratory analyses suggest that early-life deficits (low weight; height or head circumference for age) may amplify the negative effect of unhealthy dietary pattern on IQ (interaction P = 0·020). Children with high adherence to this pattern and early-life deficits showed a 4·78-point IQ reduction (95 % CI: −7·06; −2·49); while those without deficits had a 2·24-point reduction (95 % CI: −3·35; −1·13); compared with those with low adherence; even after adjustments. No significant associations were found between the healthy dietary pattern (characterised by beans; baby foods; fruits; vegetables and natural fruit juices) and IQ scores. These findings suggest that an unhealthy diet in early childhood may impair cognitive performance; particularly among children with early-life deficits.
Keywords:
Dietary intake
Dietary patterns
Cognitive performance
Intelligence quotient
Childhood
Deficits
Cohort studies
intelligence quotient
ultra-processed foods
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