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Dietary propolis transiently delays autoimmune diabetes onset and modulates immune responses in NOD mice
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DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2026.122300.png)
Abstract
En 中文
• Dietary propolis delays diabetes onset and modulates immune responses in NOD mice. • High-dose propolis reduces pancreatic insulitis and alters T cell distribution at 14 weeks. • Propolis shifts cytokine balance toward a regulated Th1-skewed immune profile. • Gut microbiota composition is altered by propolis, with enrichment of Akkermansia muciniphila and Heminiphilus faecis.
Keywords:
Propolis
Type 1 diabetes
Immunomodulation
NOD mouse
Gut microbiota
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