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Digitally Patterned Photochromic Hydrogels for Iris-Inspired Light-Adaptive Contact Lenses

delete2026-08-11
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PRE
AI
A
Asad Nauman
T
Tristen Moncada
G
Guli Gulinihali
M
Muhammad Khalid
Y
Yeshaiahu Fainman
A
A S Ndao *
DOI:10.1002/admt.71233delete
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Abstract

Abstract

En 中文
Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is associated with a range of ocular pathologies, motivating the development of soft optical devices that can dynamically regulate incident light. In the human eye, this adaptive optical functionality is performed by the iris, which modulates pupil size to control retinal irradiance in response to ambient illumination. Here we present a photochromic contact–lens–based artificial iris that mimics this biological light-adaptation mechanism through reversible, spatially programmable modulation of optical transmission with intrinsic UV blocking. Photochromic dyes are embedded within a biocompatible hydrogel matrix, while the cross-linked network is patterned using a digital micromirror device (DMD)– based grayscale UV lithography to encode controlled radial gradients in dye switching. This approach generates iris-like attenuation profiles that emulate pupil-dependent light regulation while enabling customizable iris geometries and transmission patterns. The resulting lenses exhibit rapid and reversible UV-induced darkening with position-dependent kinetics, enabling continuous modulation of transmitted light. The photoresponse remains stable over repeated activation cycles without measurable fatigue. The patterned lenses maintain mechanical stability, controlled swelling, and wettability suitable for contact lens applications. This platform combines programmable photochromism and hydrogel optics to enable light-adaptive lenses that mimic key functions of the human iris.
Keywords:
contact lens
digital micromirror device
human eye
materials science
optics
optoelectronics
photochromism
photonics
ray

Journal

Advanced Materials Technologies cover
Advanced Materials Technologies
IF:
6.2
Papers:
5.2K
Citations:
2.4W

Organization

U
university of california san diego
Scholars:
4.6K
Papers: 2.1K
Citations: 1
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