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Direct Cooling Techniques for Power-Dense Electric Propulsion Motors: A Review

delete2026-08-03
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OA
AI
D
Dikhsita Choudhary
S
Samantha Jones-Jackson
A
Ali Emadi
DOI:10.1109/access.2026.3719213delete
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Abstract

Abstract

En 中文
Electric motors are increasingly designed to achieve higher power densities to enable their adoption in next-generation electrified traction and aerospace applications. With higher power densities, the loss densities of these machines are increasing. This has necessitated the adoption of advanced cooling techniques over traditional ones. Cooling by direct contact with a dielectric coolant has emerged as an effective solution. This approach minimizes thermal resistance between the heat source and the coolant, thus improving cooling efficiency. This article presents the current state-of-the-art direct cooling methods of electric machines with a dielectric coolant. The applicability, merits, demerits, and research gaps of different types of direct cooling techniques are presented. Important variables influencing such cooling methods, such as heat transfer and pressure drop are analyzed. The research gaps and scopes for further research are elaborated.
Keywords:
AC machines
direct cooling
electrified transportation
oil cooling
power-dense electric machines
thermal management

Journal

IEEE Access cover
IEEE Access
IF:
3.6
Papers:
9.7W
Citations:
29.4W

Organization

M
mcmaster university
Scholars:
4.8K
Papers: 2.0K
Citations: 0
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