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Disrupted cortical folding and cognitive outcomes in extremely preterm children at mid-childhood
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DOI：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121993.png)
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Abstract
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• Extremely preterm birth disrupts cortical development into mid-childhood, with temporal and cingulate regions most affected • Rather than individual metrics, multivariate patterns of cortical morphology across thickness, surface area, curvature, gyrification index, and sulcal depth emerged as robust markers of later cognitive outcomes • Extremely preterm children with cognitive problems show distinct structural connectivity and hub organization compared with peers without problems • Lower gestational age, prolonged ventilator support, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia likely contribute to cognitive heterogeneity among extremely preterm
Keywords:
Extremely preterm birth
cognition
gyrification
sulcal depth
heterogeneity
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