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Distinctions Without Differences?
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AI
DOI：10.1027/1015-5759/a000867.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The interplay between persons and situations is central to psychology, and there has been a recent increase in research on psychological situation characteristics. One key issue in situation research concerns the distinction between consensual situation perceptions and subjective situation construal. We examined for the first time whether different instructions can be used to shift the degree to which situation characteristic ratings reflect consensual (i.e., shared) versus subjective perceptions. N = 631 participants were randomly assigned to one of three instructions: standard (unspecified), personal (how participants personally perceive a situation), and consensual (how participants think most other people perceive a situation). Each participant rated 31 of 62 standardized situation stimuli (pictures of everyday life situations) on the DIAMONDS situation characteristics. Using Bayesian multilevel models, we found that (1) instructions did not affect inter-rater agreement, although residual variation was somewhat higher in the personal instruction; (2) averages of ratings did not differ across instructions; and (3) Big Five traits had significant but small effects on situation characteristic ratings, which did not differ across instructions. Our findings highlight that situation characteristic ratings behave very similarly across instructions, and we discuss conceptual and practical implications.
Keywords:
situation characteristics
situation construal
personality traits
instructions
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