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Divergent decoupling pathways for economic growth and NO2 emissions in China revealed by satellite observations
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DOI:10.1016/j.isci.2026.115352.png)
Abstract
En 中文
China's dual carbon goals require effective strategies to decouple growth from nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions, especially in transport and industry. Using TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) satellite data (2019-2022) and high-frequency economic indicators, we employ a cascaded framework integrating Seasonal-Trend decomposition (STL), Granger causality, and cross-correlation functions (CCFs) to quantify sector-specific contributions. Our analysis reveals divergent pathways: (1) Passenger transport shows reduced short-term emission intensity (strong negative correlation, no Granger causality), aligning with rapid electrification under the 14th Five-Year Plan. (2) Freight transport maintains a strong positive linkage, highlighting a persistent diesel dependence bottleneck. (3) Industrial activity exhibits a moderating linkage, with 2022 NO2 concentrations stably below pre-pandemic levels despite full output recovery. These findings prioritize freight electrification, passenger-sector consolidation, and industrial transformation. The integrated framework provides a transferable paradigm for policy assessment in developing economies pursuing sustainable growth.
Keywords:
NO2
EMISSIONS
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