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Diversity, biogeography and assembly mechanisms of groundwater microbiomes
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DOI：10.1038/s43017-026-00813-y.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
As the largest available freshwater resource, groundwater provides water for drinking and agricultural irrigation to billions of people worldwide. Subsurface environments are estimated to host over 30% of all microorganisms on Earth, with microbial communities having important roles in various groundwater processes. Discoveries of diverse and novel lineages of archaea, bacteria, microeukaryotes and viruses in groundwater have highlighted the key contributions of groundwater microbiomes to elemental cycling, contaminant degradation, pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance. In this Review, we summarize the diversity and composition of prokaryotic, microeukaryotic and viral communities in groundwater, and describe the complex interactions between these different microbial groups. Groundwater microbiomes exhibit distinct biogeographic patterns, with key differences and similarities across groundwater types and other habitats. The community assembly of microorganisms across different groundwater environments is driven primarily by stochastic processes, whereas deterministic processes caused by environmental stress further modulate community structure and function. With regard to their function, groundwater microbiomes have crucial roles in shaping ecosystem functioning, including biogeochemical cycling, water quality and One Health. Finally, we highlight several future prospects for research to harness microbiomes as eco-sustainable solutions for groundwater restoration and protection in a changing world. Groundwater hosts a vast array of microbiomes that are essential to global water quality and ecosystem function. This Review discusses the diversity, biogeography and community assembly of the groundwater microbiome, and explores its role in biogeochemical cycling and sustainable groundwater management.
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71.5
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51
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0
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