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DNA-Inspired Lightweight Cryptographic Algorithm for Secure and Efficient Image Encryption
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DOI：10.3390/s25072322.png)
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Abstract
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As IoT devices proliferate in critical areas like healthcare or nuclear safety, it necessitates the provision of cryptographic solutions with security and computational efficiency. Very well-established encryption mechanisms such as AES, RC4, and XOR cannot strike a balance between speed, energy consumption, and robustness. Moreover, most DNA-based solutions are not cognizant of the hardware limitations of IoT platforms such as Arduino R3. This paper proposes an improved encryption technique incorporating stochastic DNA-inspired processing with optical computing in a resource-constrained environment. The proposed algorithm employs stochastic pixel selection with DNA-encoded key generation and is further enhanced by parallel optical processing to overcome the trade-offs of conventional techniques during implementation. Experimental trials performed on Arduino R3 established superior performance in terms of an encryption time of 3956 mu s and memory usage of 773 bytes, placing it ahead of AES and XOR-based approaches. Apart from the tests performed, security analyses have revealed a strong resistant position upon differential cryptanalysis (DP = 0.051) and linear cryptanalysis (LP = 0.045), with an almost-ideal key entropy (7.99 bits/key) and minimal autocorrelation (0.018). This research offers practical applications in real-time medical monitoring and nuclear radiation detection systems by closing the existing gap in hardware-aware DNA cryptography.
Keywords:
lightweight encryption
IoT security
DNA-based cryptography
stochastic pixel encryption
parallel optical cryptosystem
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