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Does Audio Make Mixed Reality Dark? Audio Dark Patterns, Detection, and Futures in Virtual–Physical Commerce

delete2026-06-18
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PRE
AI
E
Esmée Henrieke Anne De Haas
Y
Yiming Huang
C
Carlos Bermejo
Z
Zijun Lin
P
Pan Hui
L
Lik-Hang Lee *
DOI:10.1080/10447318.2026.2674834delete
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Abstract

Abstract

En 中文
The metaverse transforms multimedia engagement, altering user perception in blended virtual-physical environments. In these immersive spaces, deceptive designs using audiovisual cues to manipulate user choices can be highly successful. This article explores the design space of manipulative techniques, known as dark patterns (DPs), specifically within metaverse e-commerce applications. We evaluate user interactions with manipulative designs through two exploratory mixed reality studies, revealing how audio DPs effectively manipulate users' attention, surroundings, and perceptions. To combat this, we implement a prototypical detection model for malicious audio cues. Preliminary results demonstrate that users are highly vulnerable to audio DPs, with a 40% susceptibility rate, highlighting the urgent need for detection models (which achieved an F1-score of 0.74). Following a survey on counteracting manipulative e-commerce scenarios, our study's findings reinforce the clear need for robust design guidelines to mitigate audio-enabled DPs in mixed reality and to improve overall user awareness.
Keywords:
Dark patterns
empirical studies
mixed and augmented reality
e-commerce
extended reality
• Human-centered computing → mixed / augmented reality
virtual reality
hci theory
concepts and models

Journal

I
International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction
IF:
0
Papers:
329
Citations:
0

Organization

H
hong kong university of science and technology
Scholars:
824
Papers: 463
Citations: 1
T
the hong kong polytechnic university
Scholars:
4.1K
Papers: 2.3K
Citations: 0
T
the chinese university of hong kong
Scholars:
3.5K
Papers: 1.7K
Citations: 0
L
London School of Economics and Political Science
Scholars:
313
Papers: 230
Citations: 9.5K
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