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Downlink beamforming design for integrated sensing and communication system
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DOI：10.23919/JCC.fa.2025-0255.202603.png)
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Abstract
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Integrated sensing and communication (I-SAC) has emerged as a promising technology to address the critical challenges of energy efficiency and spectrum sharing in joint communication and sensing systems. Particularly in fifth-generation (5G) and beyond networks, the deployment of massive antenna arrays at base stations provides sufficient spatial degrees of freedom for the harmonious coexistence of these dual functionalities. This paper investigates the transmit beamforming design for downlink ISAC systems, where a base station equipped with a uniform linear array (ULA) simultaneously transmits multiplexed communication data streams and dedicated sensing probe signals to achieve joint downlink multiuser communication and target sensing. Unlike existing approaches in prior works, we specifically consider the area surveillance scenario where the sensing function is designed for wide-area monitoring. In this context, the sensing performance is optimized by maximizing the number of scanned beam directions, while strictly guaranteeing the individual quality of service (QoS) requirements for communication users. Given that the maximization of scanned beam directions under practical constraints constitutes a nondeterministic polynomial-time hard (NP-hard) problems, we develop a near-optimal convex relaxation approach, accompanied by rigorous performance analysis. Furthermore, we systematically examine the characteristics of sensing-specific beamformers and derive their fundamental relationships with both communication and sensing channels. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves significant performance with tractable computational complexity.
Keywords:
downlink beamforming
Integrated sensing and communication
semidefinite relaxation
spectrum sharing
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