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Dual Elo rating: Modelling gradual and sudden shifts in animal dominance hierarchies
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DOI：10.1016/j.ecoinf.2026.103974.png)
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Abstract
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• Dual Elo introduces adaptive, time-dependent update parameters that substantially enhance the responsiveness of dominance hierarchy rankings to both gradual and sudden changes in animal dominance structure. • By distinguishing between low- and high-impact interactions through separate parameters, Dual Elo offers a simple but effective extension of the Optimized Elo method, improving both the accuracy and localization of hierarchy shifts. • A computationally efficient, maximum-likelihood-based estimation procedure enables Dual Elo to robustly model observed interaction sequences, demonstrating consistent performance across both simulated and real-world noisy datasets. • Beyond improving ranking stability and interpretability, Dual Elo facilitates the identification of precise time points of hierarchy change, providing a valuable tool for research in behavioural ecology and social dynamics.
Keywords:
Elo rating
Animal behaviour
Dominance hierarchy
Agonistic interaction
Maximum-likelihood estimation
Hierarchy changes
Social dynamics
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