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Dual-mode convertible optical see-through head-mounted 3D display using multiplexed holographic optical element
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DOI：10.1016/j.displa.2026.103450.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Near-eye displays serve as a vital interface, connecting the real and virtual worlds and providing critical support for the development of the metaverse. However, conventional head-mounted displays commonly suffer from vergence-accommodation conflict and require weighing trade-offs between resolution and depth perception when achieving a three-dimensional (3D) display. To address these challenges, a dual-mode optical see-through head-mounted 3D display system based on a multiplexed holographic optical element is presented. The system is constructed using angular multiplexing technology within a volume holographic grating to simultaneously record the spherical wavefront of a lens and the spherical wavefront array of a microlens array. It dynamically switches between integral imaging and retinal projection modes based on the incident light angle. The former provides complete depth cues such as full parallax, occlusion, and focus adjustment, enabling 3D display with a realistic sense of depth. The latter achieves always-in-focus and high-resolution imaging with high visual comfort. The experimentally constructed demonstration system validated the feasibility and effectiveness of this approach. Results confirm the stability of dual-mode switching while maintaining clear imaging. The proposed method offers a compact structure that balances depth perception with imaging resolution, providing a novel technical pathway for high-fidelity, low-fatigue optical see-through head-mounted displays.
Keywords:
Augmented reality
Optical see-through head-mounted display
Integral imaging
Retinal projection display
Holographic optical element
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