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Dual-Mode LSPR Biosensing of DNA and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Using Gold Nanorod-Coated Hetero-Core Fiber
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DOI：10.1109/JSEN.2026.3692789.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
A gold nanorod (AuNR)-coated hetero-core optical-fiber localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensor was designed and experimentally demonstrated for label-free detection of complementary single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The sensor consists of a hetero-core fiber segment onto which AuNRs were directly immobilized, exhibiting two plasmon resonance modes. DNA recognition was achieved by introducing complementary ssDNA to the AuNR-coated fiber, which resulted in clear absorbance responses in both modes across the examined concentration range. The longitudinal mode achieved a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.11 pM. For SARS-CoV-2 spike protein detection, the sensor functionalized with the S1-binding aptamer yielded an LOD of 19.1 pM in the transverse mode. Control tests with noncomplementary ssDNA verified molecular specificity. Dissociation constant (<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K_{D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) analysis further revealed mode-dependent binding characteristics: the longitudinal mode exhibited a smaller <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K_{D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for DNA hybridization, whereas the transverse mode showed a smaller KD for S1 binding. These <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K_{D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> tendencies were in reasonable agreement with the mode-dependent LOD performance observed in each assay. These results demonstrate that the AuNR-coated hetero-core fiber serves as a simple and mechanically robust platform for implementing LSPR-based biosensing, enabling label-free detection of both nucleic-acid and protein targets within a compact fiber-optic format.
Keywords:
Aptamer
DNA hybridization
hetero-core fiber sensor
localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)
SARS-CoV-2
single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)
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4.5
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2.1W
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7.3W
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