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Dynamic footprints in person identification: a review of forensic applications and future prospects
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DOI：10.1186/s41935-026-00520-1.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
BackgroundForensic podiatry includes the analysis of human footprints that are categorized into static (stationary) and dynamic (in-motion). The change in the anatomical structure of the plantar region due to the locomotion is considered to be the primary differentiator between the two categories. Analysis of dynamic prints reveals various biomechanical information at the moment of foot-ground surface contact required for person identification purposes.Main bodyThe present scoping review examines the forensic applications of dynamic footprints. Relevant literature was identified using the keywords Forensic science, Forensic anthropology, Forensic podiatry, Bare footprints, Gait patterns and Dynamic footprints. The search was conducted from July to October 2025, through the database engines Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Web of Science, using Boolean operators and/or. 54 full-text reports were considered for the present study according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Applications such as the estimation of biological attributes, gait pattern recognition, biometric utilities and individualising traits are discussed in detail. Further, the study proposes future research implications, such as analytical refinements in methodologies, standardisation of footprint gait pattern measurements, validation of footprint-based indices, substrate-induced variabilities, etc.ConclusionThe study establishes the forensic significance of dynamic footprints analyses and recommends further research on several identified gaps. This may help in accurately interpreting biological variations and strengthening suspect profiling, and ultimately enhance the evidential credibility of footprints within forensic podiatry.
Keywords:
Forensic science
Forensic podiatry
Dynamic footprints
Biological profiling
Gait parameters
Journal
E
IF:
1.3
Papers:
56
Citations:
673
Organization
Cited Papers