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Dynamically reconstructing pathways for oxygen evolution reaction driven by tailoring interfacial microenvironments
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DOI：10.1016/j.jechem.2026.05.062.png)
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Abstract
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The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a dynamic process at the electrode–electrolyte interface. The reaction pathway and catalytic activity critically depend on the real-time evolution of the interfacial microenvironment. Current research focuses on three mechanisms: the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM), lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM), and oxide path mechanism (OPM). Despite extensive research, the mutual transformation and competitive coupling among these mechanisms remain insufficiently elucidated. These relationships are driven by dynamic changes in the interfacial microenvironment, and their elucidation represents a central challenge for rational OER catalyst design. Moreover, growing evidence indicates that the synergistic design and tailoring of local interfacial microenvironmental components can directly determine the chemical state of active sites and the reaction energy barriers, thereby reconstructing the OER pathway. These components include electronic structure, defects, surface reconstruction, coordination environment, interfacial water, interfacial electric field, local pH, and electrolyte ion properties. Consequently, the dynamic changes at the interface cannot be overlooked. This review first systematically summarizes three OER mechanisms and structural prerequisites of catalysts, and examines their dynamic synergy and transformation. It then details advanced strategies for regulating the interfacial microenvironment and how they guide OER pathway reconstruction. Furthermore, the irreplaceable role of advanced in-situ characterization techniques and theoretical simulations in real-time capturing of interfacial microenvironment dynamics and accurately identifying OER mechanisms is elucidated. Finally, this review proposes that future research should focus on dynamic evolution mechanisms at the membrane electrode interface. Such efforts should emphasize the development of higher-resolution in-situ techniques and more realistic theoretical models. These advances will promote the transition of next-generation electrocatalytic systems from lab-scale to industrial large-scale applications and facilitate the development of renewable energy systems.
Keywords:
Oxygen evolution reaction
Interfacial microenvironment
Reaction pathway
Dynamic reconstruction
Regulation strategies
In situ characterization
Membrane electrode assemblies
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