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Dynamics of soot surface growth and agglomeration by enclosed spray combustion of jet fuel
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DOI：10.1016/j.fuel.2023.127864.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Understanding the dynamics of soot formation and growth during combustion of jet fuel is essential for mitigation of aircraft engine emissions. Here, soot formation during enclosed spray combustion of jet fuel is investigated for its capacity to form soot with comparable characteristics to that from aircraft engines. For this, microscopy, scanning mobility particle, X-ray diffraction & Raman spectroscopy measurements and discrete element modeling (DEM) are employed along the flame centerline at various Effective eQuivalence Ratios (EQR). The DEM-derived mobility and primary particle size distribution dynamics are in excellent agreement with those measured at 5-63 cm height above the burner (HAB) for the measured temperature and soot volume fraction. At low EQR (1.46 and 1.59), soot surface growth stops at residence time, t=4-7 ms, resulting in median soot primary particle diameters, (d) over bar (p), of 14 nm. At longert (high HAB), agglomeration takes over increasing the median mobility diameter from 16 to 88 or 145 nm at EQR of 1.46 or 1.59, respectively, without altering (d) over bar (p) and having the disorder over graphitic Raman band ratio, D/G=0.9 +/- 0.01 and a crystallite length, L-c = 1.24 +/- 0.02 nm. In contrast, increasing EQR from 1.59 to 1.88, enhances soot surface growth, increases (d) over bar (p) up to 23 nm and results in more graphitic soot having D/G = 0.8 +/- 0.01 and L-c=1.47 +/- 0.01nm. Furthermore, the D/G of soot is inversely proportional to its (d) over bar (p) that is determined largely by surface growth.
Keywords:
Soot
Nanostructure
Primary particle size
Aircraft-like soot
Raman spectroscopy
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