E2: A basic optimization method using exploration-exploitation concept

doi:10.1007/s00500-025-10861-z

E2: A basic optimization method using exploration-exploitation concept

2025-09-29

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DOI：10.1007/s00500-025-10861-z

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In the literature, there are dozens of heuristic methods for optimization, each claiming to be superior to the other methods in terms of performance. Though many researchers express that they have invented novel algorithms by simulating a new natural or man-made phenomenon, critics believe that many algorithms are a special case of the previous well-known methods. Regardless of this issue, in general, an optimization method is efficient if it can establish a good balance between two basic concepts, namely exploration and exploitation. In fact, the optimization algorithms employ various ways to execute these concepts.The present study emphasizes that by simply implementing the primary principles of optimization, a difficult problem can be effectively solved, potentially eliminating the need to develop or apply a complicated search method. For this aim, this paper proposes a basic and simple optimization method based on the exploration–exploitation concept, named E2. Based on the simulation results, it is found that on average, the sinusoidal function is a promising method for exploitation. Over a set of engineering design problems, it is observed that the results found by E2 are comparable to those of other methods. When E2 is applied to a large set of unimodal and multimodal benchmark functions, the results are more promising than those of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA). Furthermore, over a case study from power system, E2 shows comparable convergence rate compared to PSO.

Keywords:

Engineering optimization

Optimization algorithm

Exploration–Exploitation method

Exploitation function

E2: A basic optimization method using exploration-exploitation concept

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