.png){kind=icon}
.png){kind=icon}
Return
Eco-Friendly, Cost-Effective Halogen-Free Phosphorus-Nitrogen Flame Retardant for Fire-Safe Silicone Rubber With Excellent Properties
.png){kind=icon}
PRE
AI
B
C
Z
W
Z
S
X
L
DOI：10.1002/app.71157.png)
.png){kind=icon}
Original request for help.png){kind=icon}
Share.png){kind=icon}
Save
Abstract
En 中文
Silicone rubber (SR), a room-temperature-vulcanizable elastomer valued for outstanding thermal stability, chemical resistance, and mechanical resilience, is nevertheless limited in fire-sensitive applications due to its inherent flammability. In this work, a cost-effective, halogen-free phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant, urea-1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonate (UHP), was synthesized from readily available urea and 1-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid and subsequently incorporated into SR. The resulting SR/UHP composites show substantially enhanced flame retardancy while maintaining good elasticity and acceptable mechanical performance. UHP's well-defined P-N-containing structure enables pronounced phosphorus-nitrogen synergism and promotes efficient char formation within the silicone matrix. At 20 phr, the SR/UHP composite reaches a limiting oxygen index of 27.6% and achieves a UL-94 V-0 rating. Cone calorimetry indicates a reduced peak heat release rate and total heat release, together with increased char residue and suppressed smoke generation. TG-FTIR, complemented by FTIR, XPS, and SEM analyses of the combustion residues, supports a dual-phase mechanism in which gas-phase radical inhibition is coupled with condensed-phase catalytic charring to form a compact carbonaceous-siliceous protective layer. UHP offers a structurally simple, cost-effective option for imparting efficient, halogen-free flame retardancy to silicone rubber and provides a practical route towards greener flame-retardant systems for silicone-based elastomers and other polymers.
Keywords:
flame retardant
halogen-free
phosphorus-nitrogen synergism
silicone rubber
Journal
IF:
2.8
Papers:
3.4K
Citations:
6.9W
Organization
Cited Papers