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Effect of activation energy on mass transfer features of Powell-Eyring nanofluid via shrinking disk: Dual solutions and stability analysis
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DOI：10.1016/j.jppr.2026.02.009.png)
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Abstract
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This study's main goal is to investigate the Darcy-Forchheimer model of Eyring-Powell nanofluid's mass and thermal transport mechanisms across a shrinking disk. Joule heating, magnetic field, thermophoresis, viscous dissipation, non-uniform energy sink/source, activation energy, and Brownian motion with convective constraint are all taken into account in the physical model. The non-linear ODEs model is tackled numerically and graphically with the help of the bvp4c approach. The key finding shows that a dual solution was performed in the region (χ>χci) for shrinking disk with varying values of distinct factors, while no solution occurs in the sector (χ<χci). It also found that the critical point (χci) stay constant at (−0.4277), despite variation of Rd(=0.3,0.4,0.5) and Ec(=2,2.5,3) against heat transportation rate. The heat transportation coefficient increases with the rising factor of the Powell fluid for the first solution. Furthermore, the mass curve shows a rising trend for both solutions with a positive variation in the value of energy activation. To identify which solution is stable or unstable, stability analysis is carried out.
Keywords:
Multiple solutions
Shrinking disk
Activation energy
Thermal radiation
Stability analysis
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