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Effect of Forward Head Posture on Aerobic Fitness of Collegiate Students: A Crosssectional Observational Study
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DOI：10.7860/JCDR/2026/78899.22919.png)
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Abstract
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Introduction: A state of musculoskeletal equilibrium with little to no physical strain or stress is known as proper posture. While poor posture is caused by body parts that are not aligned with gravity, proper alignment with gravity lessens the strain on tissues. Reducing cardiovascular risks, mortality rates, and maintaining extended physical activity all depend on aerobic fitness. Aim: The current study aimed to investigate the effect of increasing severity of Forward Head Posture (FHP) on aerobic fitness of young adults between 18-25 years of age therefore, depicting their cardiovascular status. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional observational study was carried out over the course of six months from Feb 2020 to August 2020 at the Rehabilitation Centre of Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India. It evaluated the cardiovascular fitness levels of 82 college students over the course of six months using the 3-minute step test and FHP utilising University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, (UTHSCA) 3.0. Healthy adults (Male: 41: Female: 41; Mean BMI: 48.2 +/- 5 kg; Mean age: 21.32 +/- 5 years for females, 20.58 +/- 5 years for males) from a variety of university courses who did not appear to have a history of lower limb injuries, cardiopulmonary disease, congenital malformations, neurological disorders, balance and proprioception issues, or cervical/thoracic spine trauma, were included in the study. The 3-minute step test was used to gauge aerobic fitness by measuring oxygen intake and endurance capacity during resting levels, 15 and 30 seconds post the completion of test, and the photogrammetric method of postural evaluation was used to measure postural misalignment. Results: The results showed a positive relationship between reduced aerobic fitness and the degree of FHP, especially in female students with a p-value of 0.0525 for the resting pulse rate, p=0.530 for the 15-second post-test, and p=0.039 for the 30-second post-test. According to the findings, bad posture may be associated with a decrease in cardiovascular endurance. It also depicted no statistically significant differences for males with a p-values of 0.325, 0.306 and 0.933 for resting pulse rate, post 15 seconds and 30 seconds of test, respectively for males. Conclusion: According to the study, maintaining good posture and reaching appropriate fitness levels is crucial, particularly for young people who are more likely to lead sedentary lives. More research is encouraged to examine the wider consequences of FHP on fitness and health, given its detrimental impacts.
Keywords:
Cardiovascular endurance
Fitness
Physical activity
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