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Effect of fuel-nitrate ratio and calcination temperature on the structural, morphological and optical properties of CuBi2O4 powders
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DOI：10.1016/j.cplett.2026.142794.png)
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Abstract
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In this work, we quantified the effects of the fuel-to-nitrate ratio (F/N) and calcination temperature on CuBi2O4 powders synthesized by fast solution combustion. Precursors with F/N ratios of 0.29-0.37 were combusted and calcined at 500-700 degrees C. Raman, XRD, and Rietveld analysis showed that single-phase CuBi2O4 forms only at 700 degrees C with F/N = 0.29, while fuel-rich mixtures retain CuO and Bi. SEM revealed porous particles, and EDS confirmed Cu:Bi:O = 1:2:4. Diffuse reflectance indicated tunable band gaps. Our results provide a comprehensive synthesis-property map tied to key synthesis parameters such as the F/N ratio and temperature.
Keywords:
Copper bismuth oxide
Fuel-nitrate ratio
Calcination temperature
Fast solution combustion
Structural properties
Morphological properties
Optical properties
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