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Effect of physical exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation on frail patients with heart failure: focus on endothelial dysfunction
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DOI：10.1016/j.pcad.2026.05.001.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
This narrative review examines the interplay between frailty, heart failure (HF), and endothelial dysfunction, with a specific focus on the role of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in older and frail adults. Frailty and HF frequently coexist and share pathophysiological mechanisms — including chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired nitric oxide (NO) signaling — that exacerbate endothelial dysfunction and contribute to reduced functional capacity and poor prognosis. We synthesize current evidence linking endothelial impairment to both frailty and HF progression, and we evaluate findings from clinical trials investigating exercise-centered CR, hybrid CR, and cardiac telerehabilitation in this population.
Keywords:
Cardiac rehabilitation
Frailty
Heart failure
Endothelial dysfunction
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