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Effect of rare earth lanthanum on solidification microstructure, elemental segregation, and inclusion behavior in high-manganese TWIP steels under rapid solidification
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DOI：10.1007/s42243-026-01900-6.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
High-manganese twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels exhibit an outstanding combination of strength and ductility; however, their industrial application is limited by pronounced elemental segregation and coarse columnar grains that develop during solidification. Fe–23Mn–0.45C–1Al–1Cu TWIP steels were fabricated through copper-mold injection rapid solidification to systematically examine the effects of rare-earth lanthanum (La) additions (0–0.20 wt.%) on solidification microstructure, elemental segregation, and inclusion behavior. The results showed that a moderate La addition (0.05 wt.%) promoted the columnar-to-equiaxed transition, increased the fraction of equiaxed grains, refined the secondary dendrite arm spacing, and effectively suppressed Mn, Cu, and C segregation between dendrites. La forms fine, dispersed inclusions such as La2O3, LaAlO3, and La2O2S, which possess a lattice misfit below 6% with γ-Fe, acting as potent heterogeneous nucleation cores that work together to refine the solidification structure through enhanced constitutional undercooling. However, excessive La additions (≥ 0.10 wt.%) lead to inclusion to being coarsen and cluster, thus weakening the nucleation potency and aggravating segregation. The dual role of La in refining solidification microstructure and regulating solute segregation under non-equilibrium solidification is revealed.
Keywords:
TWIP steel
Rare-earth lanthanum
Rapid solidification
Solidification microstructure
Elemental segregation
Non-metallic inclusion
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