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Effect of the insulation thickness and pipe position on thermo-mechanical behaviour of energy tunnel lining in cold regions
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DOI：10.1016/j.jrmge.2026.06.013.png)
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Abstract
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This study investigates the thermo-mechanical behaviour of energy tunnel linings in cold regions through a combined approach of field testing and numerical simulation. A field test conducted in a subway energy tunnel validates the numerical methodology, which is then employed to analyze the synergistic effects of insulation layer and heat transfer pipe positions. The study uses 3D thermo-mechanical coupled finite element simulations to evaluate temperature gradients, hoop stress distributions, and surrounding rock displacement responses under varying insulation thicknesses (0−0.15 m), and pipe positions relative to the surrounding rock. Validation against experimental data confirms the model’s accuracy in capturing thermo-mechanical interactions. Parametric analyses reveal that insulation layers exceeding 0.1 m reduce thermal benefits, while pipe proximity to the tunnel air enhances frost protection. The study identifies critical trade-offs between thermal performance and mechanical stability, investigating the synergistic effect of the hybrid systems that integrate passive insulation with active heating. These findings provide insights for mitigating frost heave risks, reducing tensile stress concentrations, and enhancing the operational reliability of energy tunnels in extreme cold environments.
Keywords:
field test
energy tunnel
numerical simulation
cold region
thermo-mechanical behaviour
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