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Effects of dietary 5-hydroxytryptophan on growth characteristic, hepatopancreas health, antioxidant defenses, immune status, and reproductive potential of Macrobrachium rosenbergii broodstock
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DOI：10.1016/j.aninu.2026.04.003.png)
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Abstract
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In view of the paucity of studies on 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in Macrobrachium rosenbergii, this experiment investigated the effects of dietary 5-HTP on the growth, immune function, oxidative status, hormone levels and tryptophan metabolism via the combination of metabolome, microbiota and transcriptome analysis in M. rosenbergii broodstock. A total of 200 Female M. rosenbergii (3 months old; initial body weight 17.8 ± 1.6 g) were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments: a reference diet (REF), a control diet (CON), and the CON diet supplemented with 5-HTP at 50 mg/kg (HTP5), 150 mg/kg (HTP15), or 250 mg/kg (HTP25). Each treatment had four replicates, with each replicate containing 10 M. rosenbergii, and the feeding trial lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed the weight gain of prawns fed HTP15 was greater than CON (P = 0.022). Histological examination revealed that reserve cells (RC) and secretory cells (BC) in prawns fed HTP15 and HTP25 exhibited predominantly normal morphology, with minimal signs of rupture or vacuolation. Compared to CON, the density of yolk granules increased in prawn fed HTP15; the 5-HTP treatments significantly decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and acid phosphatase (ACP) activity in hemolymph, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-positive rate in hepatopancreas; the HTP5 and HTP15 treatments significantly increased the levels of estradiol (E2), vitellogenin (Vg), and progesterone (Prog) (P < 0.05). The cluster analysis of bacterial genera revealed that most samples in CON and HTP15 groups clustered separately. In the transcriptome analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed C and HTP15 groups exhibited similar distribution patterns. Furthermore, compared to CON group, the HTP15 group significantly increased the levels of tryptamine, xanthurenic acid, tryptophol, and 3-indoleacetic acid (P < 0.05). Integrated multi-omics analyses revealed dietary HTP15 primarily influences carbon metabolism, PI3K-Akt signaling, cell-extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and Insulin resistance pathways. Overall, 150 mg/kg of 5-HTP supplementation exerts multiple beneficial effects on M. rosenbergii, including improvements in growth performance, hepatopancreas health, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and reproductive potential.
Keywords:
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Growth performance
Hepatopancreas health
Macrobrachium rosenbergii
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