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Effects of dietary supplementation with fat powder with different n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios on the reproductive performance of sows and intestinal health of piglets
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DOI：10.1016/j.aninu.2026.03.010.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio in diets is a pivotal nutritional factor influencing animal health and reproductive performance. This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with fat powders with varying n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios on sow reproductive performance, piglet growth performance, and intestinal health. A total of 60 Landrace × Large White crossbred sows of parity 3 or 4 were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments. The control group (CON) was fed a basal diet, while the experimental groups received a basal diet supplemented with fat powders with different n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios: 3.48:1 (YR1), 3.75:1 (YR2), and 2.60:1 (YR3) from d 90 of gestation to d 21 of lactation. Each group consisted of 15 replicates, with one sow per replicate. On d 21 of lactation, 24 piglets with an average body weight of 7.27 kg (12 from the CON group and 12 from the optimal treatment group) were selected. Half of the piglets in each group were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 50 μg/kg body weight, while the others received saline. Piglets were euthanized 4 h postinjection. Compared with the CON diet, dietary supplementation with three fat powders did not significantly affect the production performance of sows or piglets (P > 0.05). However, a linear decrease in piglet diarrhea rate was observed as the dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios decreased (P = 0.008). On d 21 of lactation, compared with the CON group, the serum triglyceride (TG) level was significantly elevated (P < 0.001), whereas the colostrum n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios was significantly decreased in the YR1 and YR3 groups (P < 0.001). In sows, serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) exhibited significant quadratic responses (P < 0.05). In piglets, decreasing dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios improved serum antioxidant status, with reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration observed in the YR2 group (P = 0.002). Dietary treatments improved serum inflammatory status in both sows and piglets, although interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations were increased in the YR2 group compared with the CON group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the Simpson index indicated that fat powder supplementation altered the gut microbial diversity in piglets (P = 0.044). Compared with CON group, piglets in YR3 group presented elevated ileal T-AOC and GSH-Px activity (P < 0.05), improved jejunal villus height and the villus-to-crypt ratio of both jejunal and ileum (P < 0.05), reduced mucosal IL-1β protein expression (P < 0.001). Dietary fat powder supplementation effectively improved antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity, colostrum quality, and microbiota structure of sows and piglets. Moreover, dietary fat powder supplementation in sows enhanced intestinal barrier function, improved intestinal morphology, and alleviated intestinal damage in suckling piglets caused by LPS challenge.
Keywords:
Fat powder
Sow
Piglet
Antioxidant capacity
Cytokines
Microbiota
Intestinal health
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