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Effects of mechanical treatment, salt, and temperature on the properties of lignin-containing cellulose nanofibril/bentonite drilling fluids
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DOI：10.1007/s10570-026-07157-2.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (L-CNFs) are promising rheological and filtration modifiers for bentonite water-based drilling fluids (BT-WBDFs); however, their tendency to aggregate severely limits their effectiveness. This study investigates the effects of further mechanical treatment, salt concentration, and temperature on the rheological and filtration properties of L-CNF/BT-WBDFs. Further mechanical treatment, including wet grinding and high-pressure homogenization, was applied to obtain mechanically treated L-CNFs (ML-CNFs). The results show that mechanical treatment significantly improves the dispersion and individualization of L-CNFs, thereby enhancing fluid rheology and reducing filtration loss in BT-WBDFs. Salt and hot rolling influence the rheology and filtration performance of L-CNF/BT- and ML-CNF/BT-WBDFs differently. ML-CNF/BT-WBDFs exhibit greater resistance to salt contamination due to increased fibrillation and dispersed fibrils forming a more cohesive network in solution. In contrast, L-CNF/BT-WBDFs performed better under hot rolling due to reduced surface area and fewer exposed hydroxy groups. Nevertheless, the combined effects of salinity and elevated temperature strongly impact the rheological properties and filtration-control efficiency of both systems. Under the combined effects of salinity and elevated temperature conditions, ML-CNFs display superior resistance compared with L-CNFs. This improved performance is attributed to the more stable network structure of ML-CNFs, which promotes better dispersion of bentonite platelets under saline and high-temperature conditions, thereby enhancing system stability. Overall, the study highlights ML-CNFs as a promising additive for improving the performance and sustainability of water-based drilling fluids.
Keywords:
Drilling fluids
Lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils
Mechanical fibrillation
Rheology
Filtration
Temperature and salt resistance
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