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Effects of resistance training on muscle mass; strength; and physical function in older women with sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.3389/fpubh.2025.1735899
2026-01-26
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Background and objectiveResistance training is widely recommended for sarcopenia; yet evidence in older women remains limited. This study systematically evaluated its effects on muscle mass; strength; and physical function in this population.MethodsPubMed; Embase; Web of Science; and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to February 2025; the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251066233). Meta-analyses were performed using the “meta” package in R under a random-effects model with restricted maximum likelihood estimation. Study quality was assessed using RoB 2; and evidence certainty via GRADE.ResultsTwelve randomized controlled trials involving 518 older women with sarcopenia were included. Resistance training significantly improved handgrip strength (SMD = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.11–0.74); gait speed (SMD = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.64); knee extension strength (SMD = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.37 to 1.33); Timed Up and Go (SMD = −0.68; 95% CI: −0.95 to −0.41); and 30-Second Chair Stand (SMD = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.86); but had no significant effect on skeletal muscle mass index. Subgroup analyses showed that women with sarcopenic obesity achieved greater gains in knee extension strength; while those with sarcopenia alone improved more in gait speed. Mixed resistance training demonstrated a significant advantage in enhancing gait speed.ConclusionResistance training effectively enhances muscle strength and physical function in older women with sarcopenia; though improvements in muscle mass remain uncertain. Further large-scale; long-term studies are needed to confirm these findings and optimize intervention protocols.
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3.4
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Citations: 5.7W
Researchers
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Ying Zhou
H-index:
0
Papers: 2
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Citations: 0
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Kaiming Wen
H-index:
0
Papers: 1
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Citations: 0
X
Xinxin Zhang
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0
Papers: 2
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Yulong Sun
H-index:
0
Papers: 2
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Organization
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Hainan Medical University
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872
Papers: 277
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Citations: 1
G
Guangxi University
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4.1K
Papers: 1.3K
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Shaanxi Normal University
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1.6W
Papers: 1.1W
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College of Physical Education and Health
Scholars:
57
Papers: 31
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Citations: 0
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