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Efficacy, residue dissipation, and consumer safety of emamectin benzoate, thiamethoxam, and chlorantraniliprole in tomato fruits
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DOI：10.1016/j.heliyon.2026.e45159.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The tomato leafminer (Tuta absoluta) poses a serious threat to tomato production and requires effective, residue-safe control measures. This study evaluated the efficacy, residue dissipation, and dietary risk of three insecticides—emamectin benzoate, thiamethoxam, and chlorantraniliprole—under greenhouse conditions. Emamectin benzoate showed the highest average reduction in larval infestation (69.7%), followed by chlorantraniliprole (67.1%) and thiamethoxam (59.3%). Chlorantraniliprole provided the greatest average suppression of active mines (85.35%) and infested fruits (82.55%), whereas thiamethoxam showed the lowest efficacy against these infestation parameters. Residues were quantified using a validated LC-MS/MS method in accordance with SANTE/11312/2021. All insecticides followed first-order dissipation kinetics in tomato fruits, with half-lives of 2.70 days for emamectin benzoate, 1.44 days for thiamethoxam, and 3.18 days for chlorantraniliprole. Commodity-specific chronic dietary exposure indicated that emamectin benzoate contributed the highest long-term dietary burden from tomato consumption, whereas thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole remained within acceptable chronic limits. Acute dietary exposure assessment further showed that emamectin benzoate approached the toxicological threshold at the initial sampling time, while thiamethoxam remained well below the acute reference dose. These findings indicate that emamectin benzoate has the least favorable consumer safety profile among the tested compounds. In contrast, thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole provide wider dietary safety margins under the present greenhouse conditions. Integrating efficacy, residue dissipation, and dietary risk assessment can support more informed management of Tuta absoluta while improving consumer protection.
Keywords:
Tuta absoluta
Greenhouse
Residue dissipation
Dietary risk
LC-MS/MS
Integrated pest management
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