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Efficient beam-scanning wideband sparse array synthesis with minimum element spacing control
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DOI：10.1016/j.sigpro.2025.110194.png)
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Abstract
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In this work, an efficient wideband sparse array synthesis method is proposed, which implements beam-scanning and minimum element spacing control. Our strategy is to construct a spatio-temporal matrix (STM) by using parallel Farrow structured delay-lines (PFDs), and introduce the block sparsity within and across groups (block-SWAG) constraints for subfilter orders and element locations, ensuring optimized PFD-filter orders and sparse array layout. Considering mutual coupling between elements and engineering impracticability, the minimum element spacing control technique is introduced and the reweighted dual sparsity constraint FOCUSS algorithm (RWDS-FOCUSS) is used to solve nonconvex cost function. To further reduce the algorithm resolution complexity, the nonconvex issue of beam-scanning wideband array synthesis can be regarded as a series of convex–nonconvex optimization issues, and a fast joint sparse algorithm of the element location off-grid model is employed to obtain the sparse element locations and the complex-valued excitations. Given numerical examples show that the proposed method can efficiently design beam-scanning wideband sparse arrays with the filter order sparsity and array element sparsity improved by above 50% and 30%, respectively when compared with existing methods.
Keywords:
Wideband sparse array synthesis
Beam-scanning
Mutual coupling effect
Off-grid
Complex-valued excitations
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