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Efficient Multi-Parameter Optimization Design of Cyclotron-Based Compact Thermal Neutron Radiography System
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DOI：10.1016/j.net.2026.104557.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Cyclotrons, owing to their compact structure, high beam quality, and low operating cost, are regarded as promising driving sources for next-generation compact accelerator-based thermal neutron radiography systems. Because the beam energy of a cyclotron is weakly tunable and strongly constrained by the cyclotron radius, it is essential to determine the optimal accelerator energy matched to the radiography system during the design stage. In this work, a comprehensive neutronics simulation covering neutron production, moderation, and collimation was performed using the GEANT4 Monte Carlo framework. A hybrid adaptive response surface and genetic algorithm Monte Carlo optimization method was employed to achieve efficient multi-parameter optimization. The results indicate that for sub-30 MeV cyclotron-based compact neutron radiography systems, the p-Be reaction achieves the optimal balance between neutron yield and moderation efficiency. The competing effects of increasing neutron yield and decreasing moderation efficiency with beam energy led to an optimal proton energy of approximately 28 MeV, maximizing the thermal neutron flux at the imaging plane. Moreover, when coupled with an optimized dual-diffusion collimator, the thermal neutron flux is enhanced by approximately 50% relative to a conventional diffusion collimator. At L/D = 100, the optimized system achieves a thermal neutron flux of 5.13×106 n·cm−2·s−1·mA−1.
Keywords:
Neutronics Optimization Design
Cyclotron
Thermal Neutron Radiography
Monte Carlo Simulation
HRG-MCO
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