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Efficient quantum secret sharing protocol without the basis matching
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DOI：10.1016/j.fmre.2025.10.013.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is a typical multipartite cryptographic primitive, which is an important part of quantum communication network. Existing QSS protocols generally require basis matching, which would waste the precious quantum resource and increase the classical communication round. Moreover, the basis selection makes QSS face weak random security vulnerabilities. We propose an efficient QSS protocol without the basis matching. In the protocol, the dealer and partners share a polarization-momentum hyperentangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and encode keys in the polarization degree of freedom (DOF). The dealer decodes the transmitted keys relying on the nonlocal hyperentanglement-assisted polarization GHZ state analysis. Our QSS protocol is unconditionally secure in theory. We develop simulation method to estimate its performance in practical environment. Our protocol has three advantages. First, it does not require the basis matching and can completely distinguish eight encoded polarization GHZ states, which increases the utilization rate of entanglement resources to 100 % and increases the key generation rate by an order of magnitude. Second, it only requires one round of classical communication, and thus reduces the key generation time by 69.4 %. Third, it can eliminate the weak random security vulnerabilities associated with the basis selection and enhance QSS’s practical security. Meanwhile, our protocol only uses linear optical elements, which makes it practically feasible. Our QSS protocol has application potential in the future quantum communication network.
Keywords:
Quantum cryptography
Quantum secret sharing
Hyperentangled GHZ state
Hyperentangled GHZ state analysis
Secure key rate
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