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Electrically Tunable Waveguide Digital Phase Shifter Based on Artificial Electromagnetic Materials
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DOI：10.1109/tmtt.2026.3704448.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
In this work, an electrically tunable waveguide digital phase shifter (WDPS) based on artificial electromagnetic materials (AEMs) is proposed for waveguide phased array systems. Unlike planar phase shifters, the proposed WDPS is built inside a standard rectangular waveguide, eliminating the need for coaxial cables and coaxial-to-waveguide transitions, thus avoiding additional integration losses. By controlling the open/short states of the AEMs via p-i-n diodes, different AEM configurations are realized, each with a distinct propagation constant, thereby achieving different phase shifts. The operating principle is analyzed using odd–even mode theory. In contrast to mechanically tunable phase shifters limited to millisecond-level switching by electric motors, the proposed design uses an FPGA to control the p-i-n diodes, achieving nanosecond-level switching speed. The final prototype delivers a phase shift range of 0°–172.5°, an 8% fractional bandwidth, and a phase resolution of 10°. Measured results agree well with simulations, and a third-order intermodulation test yields an IIP3 of 108.8 dBm.
Keywords:
Artificial electromagnetic materials (AEMs)
digital phase shifter
material loading
tunable phase shifter
waveguide phase shifter
Journal
IF:
4.5
Papers:
593
Citations:
3.5W