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Electrometry of extremely-low frequencies from kHz to sub-Hz with a Rydberg-atom sensor
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DOI：10.1140/epjqt/s40507-026-00550-7.png)
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Abstract
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Rydberg-atom electric field sensing has shown great potential from near-DC to THz with state-of-the-art measurement metrics realized in sensitivity, phase extraction, multi-band receptivity, etc. While Rydberg-atom sensors have shown exceptional performance in the GHz regime, low-frequency operation has remained challenging because of electric-field-screening in conventional vapor cells, which suppresses externally applied fields. We overcome this limitation by combining auxiliary modulation and lock-in detection with a paraffin-coated vapor cell, and demonstrate an electrode-free, wideband method for sensing frequencies, ranging from 0.5 Hz to 10 kHz. Our work extends Rydberg-atom sensor’s range to VLF, ULF, SLF, ELF and sub-ELF frequency bands. In our method, high state-of-the-art sensitivities have been achieved - 819 $\mu \text{V/cm}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ for 1 Hz, 33 $\mu \text{V/cm}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ for 10 Hz, 10 $\mu \text{V/cm}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ for 100 Hz and 2 $\mu \text{V/cm}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ for 1 kHz.
Keywords:
Atomic and optical physics
Rydberg-EIT spectroscopy
Low-frequency quantum sensing
ULF–VLF electric-field sensing
Rydberg RF sensors
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5.6
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517
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1.1K
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