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Emotional shaping of spatial encoding along the dorsal ventral axis of the hippocampus
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DOI：10.3389/fnsys.2026.1888312.png)
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Abstract
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Emotional memories are essential for survival; enabling individuals to avoid future threats or seek safety or food. How does the brain link a specific spatiotemporal context with the associated emotional experience? The hippocampus (HPC) encodes spatial information through place cells; which collectively form a cognitive map that adapts to contextual changes. Along its longitudinal axis; the HPC shows marked functional divergence: the dorsal HPC supports fine-tuned spatial representations; whereas the ventral HPC exhibits broader connectivity with limbic circuits and plays a key role in encoding emotional valence; salience; anxiety; and motivational state. Here; we synthesize current evidence comparing spatial and emotional coding across these regions; emphasizing differences in spatial properties and circuit interactions. Finally; we propose a framework describing how dorsal and ventral HPC integrate spatial and emotional information to guide adaptive behavior.
Keywords:
ventral hippocampus
valence
spatial coding
dorsal hippocampus
emotional coding
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