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Energy consumption characteristics and drying quality of paddy during microwave–hot air combined drying
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DOI：10.1016/j.tsep.2026.104816.png)
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Abstract
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• A biomass-assisted microwave–hot air drying system for paddy was systematically evaluated. • The drying system achieved an overall thermal efficiency of 77.19% with a SEC of 3.2444 MJ/kgwater. • Energy and exergy analyses indicated that energy efficiency remained higher than exergy efficiency. • The overall energy efficiency reached 74.74%, while exergy efficiency remained lower and declined continuously. • Quality analysis demonstrated that the combined drying mode achieved efficient dehydration while maintaining acceptable grain quality.
Keywords:
Paddy
Energy consumption
Exergy efficiency
Microwave–hot air combined drying
Industrial drying
Quality characteristics
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