Engineering a trifunctional active-intelligent barrier: Biomass-based mixed-valence FeII/FeIII-Tar nanocrystals empower ethyl cellulose films with dual bioactivity and ammonia-responsive visual reporting

Renjie Zhang

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.124022

Engineering a trifunctional active-intelligent barrier: Biomass-based mixed-valence FeII/FeIII-Tar nanocrystals empower ethyl cellulose films with dual bioactivity and ammonia-responsive visual reporting

2026-08-04

0

OA

AI

R

Renjie Zhang

H

Hanwen Wang

X

Xiaoyu Xu

Z

Zhiming Zhao

唐

唐群 (Qun Tang) *

D

Daijiang Peng *

Z

Zhiming Zou *

DOI：10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.124022

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Abstract

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• Novel mixed-valence FeII/FeIII-Tar enables multifunctional EC based smart films. • An irreversible phase-transition mechanism enables high-fidelity visual signaling (ΔE > 29). • The bio-based films integrate ammonia sensing, antibacterial, and antioxidant activity. • Mechanical strength, UV-shielding, and barrier properties are significantly enhanced. • A feasible route is established to upgrade industrial crop biomass into high-value smart materials.

Keywords:

Ethylcellulose

Mixed-valence complex nanocrystal

Antioxidant

Antibacterial

Ammonia-sensitive

Advanced smart materials

Engineering a trifunctional active-intelligent barrier: Biomass-based mixed-valence FeII/FeIII-Tar nanocrystals empower ethyl cellulose films with dual bioactivity and ammonia-responsive visual reporting

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